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{{Infobox_President | name=Victoriano Huerta Ortega| nationality=Mexican| image=V_Huerta.jpg| order=
President of Mexico, [1913, [1914| successor=[Francisco S. Carvajal, [Jalisco, [Texas, United States of America| spouse=Emilia Águila| party=
No Party| vicepresident=-->
José Victoriano Huerta Ortega (Colotlán, Jalisco,
December 23,
1850,This date is in dispute. Many sources give March 23,
1850. However,
Encyclopædia Britanica has given December 23 from the 1911 edition through the current edition. The Spanish, French, German and other Wikipedias also give December 23. –
January 13, 1916 in El Paso, Texas) was a
Mexico military officer and
president of Mexico.
Huerta was born in the town of Colotlán, Jalisco, son of Jesús Huerta and Refugio Márquez who were of Mestizo descent. He entered the Mexican Army at the age of 17, distinguished himself and gained admission to the Military Academy at Chapultepec.
During the Porfirio Díaz administration he rose to the rank of
general, and fought to subdue the
Chan Santa Cruz Maya people of Yucatán and against the rebels of Emiliano Zapata. On the eve of the 1910 revolution against the long established Diaz regime, Huerta was involved in the innocuous project of reforming the uniforms of the Federal Army.
After Díaz went into exile Huerta initially pledged allegiance to the new administration of Francisco Madero, and he was retained by the Madero administration and crushed anti-Madero revolts by rebel generals such as
Pascual Orozco. However, Huerta secretly plotted with United States
United States Ambassador to Mexico, Henry Lane Wilson, cashiered general Bernardo Reyes, and Félix Díaz, Porfirio Díaz's nephew, to Coup d'etat Madero. This episode in Mexican history is known as
La decena tragica.
Following a confused few days of fighting in Mexico City between loyalist and rebel factions of the Army, Huerta had Madero and vice-president José María Pino Suárez seized and briefly imprisoned in the
Palacio Nacional. The conspirators then met at the US Embassy to sign
el Pacto de la Embajada (The Embassy Pact), which provided for Madero and Pino Suarez's exile and Huerta's takeover of the Mexican government. After a very short term of office by Pedro Lascuráin) on February 18 1913 Huerta proclaimed himself provisional president of Mexico. Four days later Madero and Pino Suárez were taken from the Palacio Nacional to prison at night and shot by officers of the
Rurales (Federal mounted police) who were assumed to be acting on Huerta's orders.
Huerta established a harsh military dictatorship. President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson became hostile to the Huerta administration, recalled ambassador Henry Lane Wilson, and demanded Huerta step aside for democratic elections. When Huerta refused, and with the situation further exacerbated by the Tampico Affair, President Wilson landed US troops United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914.
The reaction to the Huerta usurpation was
Venustiano Carranza's Plan of Guadalupe, calling for the creation of a Constitutional Army, for Huerta's ouster, and for the restoration of constitutional government. Supporters of the plan included
Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa and
Alvaro Obregon. After repeated field defeats of Huerta's Federal Army by Obregon and Villa, climaxing in the Battle of
Zacatecas, Huerta bowed to pressure and resigned the presidency on July 15,
1914.
He went into exile, first traveling to
Kingston, Jamaica aboard the German cruiser
SMS Dresden (1907). From there, he moved to England, then
Spain, then to the United States. He was discovered to be plotting to return to power in Mexico — in both Spain and Washington, he had been negotiating with Germany agents to secure the
Wilhelm II of Germany's support for another attempt at a
coup d'état. He was arrested in Newman, New Mexico, USA, on June 27, 1915 together with
Pascual Orozco and charged with conspiracy (crime) to violate US neutrality laws. After some time in a US Army prison at Fort Bliss, for a while he was released on bail but remained under house arrest due to risk of flight to Mexico. Later he returned to jail, and while so confined, he died of
cirrhosis of the liver.
Huerta is still vilified by modern-day Mexicans, who generally refer to him as
El Chacal — "The Jackal".
See also
External links
References
{{Infobox_President | name=Victoriano Huerta Ortega| nationality=Mexican| image=V_Huerta.jpg| order= President of Mexico, [1913, [1914| successor=[Francisco S. Carvajal, [Jalisco, [Texas, United States of America| spouse=Emilia Águila| party=
No Party| vicepresident=-->
José Victoriano Huerta Ortega (
Colotlán, Jalisco, December 23,
1850,This date is in dispute. Many sources give
March 23,
1850. However,
Encyclopædia Britanica has given December 23 from the 1911 edition through the current edition. The Spanish, French, German and other Wikipedias also give December 23. –
January 13,
1916 in
El Paso,
Texas) was a Mexico military officer and
president of Mexico.
Huerta was born in the town of Colotlán, Jalisco, son of Jesús Huerta and Refugio Márquez who were of Mestizo descent. He entered the Mexican Army at the age of 17, distinguished himself and gained admission to the Military Academy at Chapultepec.
During the
Porfirio Díaz administration he rose to the rank of
general, and fought to subdue the Chan Santa Cruz
Maya people of
Yucatán and against the rebels of Emiliano Zapata. On the eve of the 1910 revolution against the long established Diaz regime, Huerta was involved in the innocuous project of reforming the uniforms of the Federal Army.
After Díaz went into exile Huerta initially pledged allegiance to the new administration of Francisco Madero, and he was retained by the Madero administration and crushed anti-Madero revolts by rebel generals such as
Pascual Orozco. However, Huerta secretly plotted with
United States United States Ambassador to Mexico, Henry Lane Wilson, cashiered general Bernardo Reyes, and Félix Díaz, Porfirio Díaz's nephew, to
Coup d'etat Madero. This episode in Mexican history is known as
La decena tragica.
Following a confused few days of fighting in Mexico City between loyalist and rebel factions of the Army, Huerta had Madero and vice-president
José María Pino Suárez seized and briefly imprisoned in the
Palacio Nacional. The conspirators then met at the US Embassy to sign
el Pacto de la Embajada (The Embassy Pact), which provided for Madero and Pino Suarez's exile and Huerta's takeover of the Mexican government. After a very short term of office by Pedro Lascuráin) on February 18 1913 Huerta proclaimed himself provisional president of Mexico. Four days later Madero and Pino Suárez were taken from the Palacio Nacional to prison at night and shot by officers of the Rurales (Federal mounted police) who were assumed to be acting on Huerta's orders.
Huerta established a harsh military dictatorship. President of the United States Woodrow Wilson became hostile to the Huerta administration, recalled ambassador Henry Lane Wilson, and demanded Huerta step aside for democratic elections. When Huerta refused, and with the situation further exacerbated by the Tampico Affair, President Wilson landed US troops
United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914.
The reaction to the Huerta usurpation was
Venustiano Carranza's Plan of Guadalupe, calling for the creation of a
Constitutional Army, for Huerta's ouster, and for the restoration of constitutional government. Supporters of the plan included Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa and
Alvaro Obregon. After repeated field defeats of
Huerta's Federal Army by Obregon and Villa, climaxing in the Battle of
Zacatecas, Huerta bowed to pressure and resigned the presidency on July 15,
1914.
He went into exile, first traveling to Kingston, Jamaica aboard the German cruiser SMS Dresden (1907). From there, he moved to
England, then Spain, then to the United States. He was discovered to be plotting to return to power in Mexico — in both Spain and Washington, he had been negotiating with Germany agents to secure the
Wilhelm II of Germany's support for another attempt at a coup d'état. He was arrested in
Newman, New Mexico, USA, on June 27, 1915 together with
Pascual Orozco and charged with
conspiracy (crime) to violate US neutrality laws. After some time in a US Army prison at
Fort Bliss, for a while he was released on bail but remained under house arrest due to risk of flight to Mexico. Later he returned to jail, and while so confined, he died of cirrhosis of the liver.
Huerta is still vilified by modern-day Mexicans, who generally refer to him as
El Chacal — "The Jackal".
See also
External links
References
Victoriano Huerta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
José Victoriano Huerta Ortega (Colotlán, Jalisco, December 22, 1850, [1] – January 13, 1916 in El Paso, Texas) was a Mexican military officer and president of Mexico.
Victoriano Huerta
Find out more about Victoriano Huerta from The History Channel's free online encyclopedia. ... Huerta, Victoriano (1854–1916) Mexican soldier and political leader, president 1913 ...
Victoriano Huerta - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (Colotlán, Jalisco; 23 de diciembre de 1850 - El Paso, Texas; 13 de enero de 1916). Presidente de facto de México entre 1913 y 1914.
VICTORIANO HUERTA 1854-1916 - HISTORY OF MEXICO ON MEXICO CONNECT
Mexico's History on Mexico Connect: - VICTORIANO HUERTA 1854-1916. ... 1854 - 1916 Image by John Hardman - E-mail - Web Page SYNOPSIS. Born March 23, 1854 in Colotlan, Jalisco.
Victoriano Huerta -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Victoriano Huerta:Victoriano Huerta, 1915UPI—Bettmann/Corbis dictatorial president of Mexico (Feb. 18, 1913–July 15, 1914), whose ...
Victoriano Huerta: Biography and Much More from Answers.com
Victoriano Huerta Victoriano Huerta (1854-1916) was a Mexican general and political leader who, in 1913, overthrew the first government to emerge from
Access Mexico Connect's Links Resource: History/Historical Figures ...
Victoriano Huerta . Access Mexico Connect's Links Resource: History: Historical Figures: Victoriano Huerta | Links Home | Business & Gov. Links Home | Add a Site | Modify a Site | What's ...
Huerta, Victoriano definition of Huerta, Victoriano in the Free Online ...
Encyclopedia article about Huerta, Victoriano. Information about Huerta, Victoriano in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary.
Victoriano Huerta - Wikimedia Commons
This page was last modified on 20 June 2008, at 09:57. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation ...
Huerta, Victoriano - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Huerta ...
Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Huerta, Victoriano. Huerta, Victoriano. Information about Huerta, Victoriano in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
